![]() ![]() Modern keyboards instead transmit a numeric code indicating the position of the key on a the keyboard. This was typical with kit-based computers where the keyboard had to be bought separately and where there was no authorised keyboard supplier. Such keyboards did not need to care what type of computer they were attached to, and computers did not need to care what type of keyboard the owner had purchased. In the early days of computing, many so-called " ASCII keyboards" contained circuitry that told the host computer which character was typed using ASCII. Desktop computer keyboards also see variation in layout. In Japan, the requirements for text input led to keyboards with a total of four more keys than standard US keyboards, while keyboards in most European countries have one more key.īy necessity laptop keyboards have fewer keys, and the reduction in size of the layout is not standardised. The basic arrangement of keys depends primarily on country. ![]() ![]() IBM and DEC terminal keyboard layouts also became de-facto standards. Modern keyboards are based on the physical layout of the IBM Enhanced Keyboard, commonly known as the "IBM Model M" (it is part of the IBM Model M family). Beyond the position of the letter keys (in QWERTY layout), and typically the number keys in a row above, key arrangement was specific to each piece of equipment or model of keyboard.įollowing the creation of the clone market based around the IBM Personal Computer, the keyboard layouts used on IBM PCs were adopted by other manufacturers and became de-facto standards. Historically, there was no standard way to lay out a terminal or computer keyboards, neither by manufacturer nor by product. The physical layout of keyboard is the size, shape and position of all the keys on a keyboard. Incidentally, limitations of Sholes and Glidden's typewriter mechanism is the cause of rows being offset relative to one-another, known as staggering. Likewise, German keyboards are "QWERTZ", with Y and Z swapped. French keyboards are "AZERTY", with Q and A swapped and W and Z swapped. Not all keyboards are strictly QWERTY however. The QWERTY layout is significant because, despite many changes to the layouts of keyboards in well over a hundred years, it has remained steadfastly unchanged on commercial keyboards. Prior to this, typewriter keyboards had been arranged alphabetically and in several competing non-alphabetic layouts. QWERTY was created at the same time that typewriters entered the mass-market in the 19th century. The QWERTY layout dates from 1874, created for the Sholes and Glidden Type-Writer from Remington. The terms "QWERTY" and "QWERTY keyboard" that are used to describe a typewriter or computer keyboard or its layout refer to the arrangement of the letters on the keys. ![]()
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